A Three-Year Retrospective Study on Histopathological Lesions in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies

Abstract

Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders are one of the most commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. Histopathological study of lesions in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies are essential for accurate diagnosis as well as further management of various upper gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the spectrum of histopathological lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract which includes gastric, esophageal and duodenal lesions. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Model Hospital - Institute of Health Sciences (KMH-IHS) over a period of 3 years. All the endoscopic biopsies received from the departments of medicine and surgery at the pathology department from January 1st 2023 to December 31st 2025 were included in the study. A total of 263 endoscopic biopsies were evaluated, out of which 162 (61.59%) were males and 101 (38.40%) were females. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 88 years. The most common site was stomach 233 (88.50%). Adenocarcinoma of the stomach accounted for a total of 8 cases (3.43%). Among the 17 oesophageal biopsies; 15 cases (88.23%) were non-neoplastic and 2 cases (11.76%) were neoplastic. Chronic duodenitis was the most common diagnosis from the duodenal biopsies which accounted for a total of 9 cases (69.23%). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is an effective procedure which, combined with histopathology, plays an important role in early detection of lesions with accurate diagnosis as well as further management.